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| 751 |
| | | A battle at the Talas river, between the Chinese and the Arabs, is a decisive victory for the Arabs | |
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| 756 |
| | | Abd-ar-Rahman, escaping from the massacre of his family in Syria, establishes a new Umayyad dynasty at Cordoba | |
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| 762 |
| | | The Abbasid caliphs create Baghdad as a new capital city on the Tigris | |
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| c. 800 |
| | | The Jews prosper in the Muslim and Carolingian empires, forming strong communities in Spain and in Germany | |
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| c. 1285 |
| | | Osman inherits the leadership of the tribal group later known by a version of his name, as the Ottoman Turks | |
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| 1354 |
| | | Gallipoli is taken by the Ottoman Turks, giving them their first foothold in Europe | |
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| 1389 |
| | | Victory at Kosovo gives the Ottoman Turks control over Serbia, which becomes a vassal state | |
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| 1393 |
| | | The Ottoman sultan Bayazid I brings the Slav kingdom of Bulgaria under his control | |
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| 1402 |
| | | The Ottoman sultan Bayazid is defeated and captured near Ankara by Timur, who keeps the sultan in captivity until his death the following year | |
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| 1443 |
| | | Skanderbeg, Albania's national hero, begins his long campaign of successes against the Turks | |
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